Tuesday, November 20, 2007

3ware Hardware RAID vs. Linux Software RAID

As part of a project we are building a iSCSI storage server. It has 16 500GB SATA disks and to provide redundancy we needed some sort of RAID controller. So we went with the well known 3ware controllers. More specifically a 9550SXU 16ML. The server itself is running CentOS 5 with 2 Dual-Core Intel Xeon processors. This post is just to share my experiences with this controller.

First, everybody that uses a ext3 filesystem on top of this controller should upgrade to firmware 9.4.2. It improves the write performance. In our case we went from around 55MB/s to around 75 MB/s for sequential I/O. That is not bad for a simple firmware upgrade.

But we were having one issue. On initial tests with a iSCSI exported logical volume we did a copy of a directory tree (on the same volume) with a total size of 1GB. And this test took around 6 minutes, that is even less then 3MB/s. To be fair, this structure contains a lot of smaller files, different directories. So a copy also involves a lot of metadata activity. So we did the same test on the storage server itself and we got around 3 minutes there. Mmm, and this should be a top end RAID controller, but we are only getting 6MB/s in this test.

So, just for fun I decided to let the RAID controller export each disk individually and use the Linux software RAID and see what performance that would give. Well, for this specific test the time was 2'50". And for all the other tests I did software RAID outperformed the hardware RAID.

So what did we learn here. First, do not let the numbers of all the different hardware RAID controller vendors foul you. They are sequential I/O test. But most day-to-day I/O patterns are different.
Second, always test yourself. Benchmarks found online can be indicators, but always test everything yourself for your specific case. Third, when using RAID always give software RAID a change. It may save you some money.

As a final note. If we mounted the filesytems as ext2 in this specific test the copy would only take 1 minute (in both HW and SW RAID). So do not forget about ext2, it still has it's advantages.

32 comments:

Paolo Campegiani said...

This bug is related to RHEL 3, but it could of interest:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=121434

Unknown said...

Can you please post how you're measuring your microbenchmarks as you're progressing? For example: what were you using to measure throughput (for your firmware upgrade)? I've built a 5x500GB SW RAID system with a single-core P4 machine, and I'd love to be able to track my performance against the monster you've put together.

Tim said...

That is a good question indeed. I'll do a writeup of how I tested all this in the coming days.
Thanks for your feedback!

Anonymous said...

RAID5 I'm assuming? I'd be interested to see what the results yield on XFS as well.

Anonymous said...

I have also had horrible performance on 3ware raid cards and was therefore considering LSI. do you have any input on a less expensive card for use with software raid, it seems all of the controllers that support a large number of drives are also hardware raid cards.

Tim said...

I've also been looking for simple SATA controllers with at least 8 ports. There are a couple. But the biggest challenge is finding one that has multilane connectors. So if someone knows any plane SATA controllers with multilane connectors please speak up :-)

Anonymous said...

I too was very disappointed of that 3ware card (with 8 ports) on an AMD Centos 5 sys. But then I tried with XFS, disabled cpu frequency scaling and installed irqbalance. Now the performance rocks, at least with iozone. (seq. writes ~180MB/s and read ~380MB/s)
You see I am not sure what did the trick but you should give XFS a try.

Tim said...

With 8 disks (I presume) those numbers aren't bad. Unfortunately we are more in the need for performance with other IO patterns then sequential. The array will also be used to host the filesystems of Xen guests (using iSCSI) and this makes it a bit more complicated to use XFS so we will be sticking with ext3 (or use it as ext2 when we need more speed).

Anonymous said...

Same here (random IO)

I'm in the process of testing various setups and interested in any idea for this.

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Anonymous said...

Yeah, ext2 still have its benefits. I still support it.

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